Advantage (depending upon implementation some of these can turn into disadvantages)
·
employment (1 emp/1000 tourist) (labor
intensive, few administrative positions, little upward mobility.)
·
infrastructure development (roads, water,
electricity, telecom and cybercom, but not necessarily local priorities.)
·
cultural preservation (economic incentives to
preserve food, fashion, festivals and physical history, but these tend to be
superficial elements of a culture.)
·
environmental protection (econ incentives to
preserve nature, wildlife and urban cleanliness)
·
foreign exchange (generates resources to import
food, pharmaceuticals, technology, consumer goods.)
·
development of health care services (those these
aren't always available to local people.)
Disadvantages (depending upon implementation some of these can turn
into advantages)
·
cultural destruction, (modernization (world
mono-culture), freezes culture as performers, loss: language, religion,
rituals, material culture.)
·
primary products (sun, sand, surf, safari, suds,
ski, sex) (little value added, neo-colonialism)
·
environmental destruction (game drives, resorts:
golf, ski, beach, desert, world as play ground, SUV.)
·
marginal employment (low skill, low wage, menial
services, prostitution, drug trade, gambling, hustlers.)
·
low benefits (no job security, no health care,
no organizing, no work safety rules or enviro standards.)
·
development of illegal and/or destructive
economic activities (markets for drugs, endangered species, etc.)
·
outside hiring (skilled middle and senior
management recruited out of the area and transferred in.)
·
concentration employment (walled resort
enclaves.)
·
seasonal employment
·
outside decision making (decisions made outside
of the area, corporate dollars corrupt government.)
·
unrealistic expectations (divert young people
from school and brighter futures.)
·
anti-democratic collusion (industry support of
repressive governments)
·
land controlled by the elite (people relocated,
agriculture eliminated, prohibited from N.P.)
·
negative lifestyle's (STD's, substance abuse,
begging, hustling)
·
diverted and concentrated development (airport,
roads, water, electricity to tourist destinations, development not accessible
to locals),
·
little forex stays in country (airplanes,
vehicles, booze, hot air balloons, generally have foreign owners),
·
package programs
·
cruises (eat and sleep on board so the economic
benefits to the ports-of-call is very thin and limited.)
·
unstable market (fickle, affected by local and
world events, generally highly elastic)
·
health tourism (traveling to get medical
procedure at lower cost) has it own set of unique challenges, which include:
Determining the credential, skills and quality of the facility and personnel.
Language communication challenges on topics requiring a lot of details, sometimes
even when both parties seemingly speak the same language. Different cultural
issues and expectations around health care and the body. Post-treatment
complications, after the "tourist" has left the facility.
Solutions (for visitor)
·
act to support cultural diversity
·
engage in activities that add value to the
community
·
don’t do activities that deteriorate the
environment
·
don’t engage in illegal activities
·
act to disperse the benefits
·
patronize locally (community) owned enterprises.
Solutions (for the host)
·
support the traditional cultural legacy
·
training and education in local culture,
history, natural science, etc.
·
select development and activities that draw from
local traditions and add value to the community
·
don’t promote activities that deteriorate the
environment
·
don’t engage in illegal activities
·
adopt a program to disperse the benefits
·
patronize locally produced products and locally
(community) owned enterprises.
·
make business and foreign exchange transactions
transparent and efficient.
We don't really see a different list of pros and cons for tourism in rural
and urban areas. Rural or urban, the result largely depend upon how the
business is conducted: Are visitors coming and supporting what the community
prides itself in and in a way that perpetuates and sustains (or improves) the
quality of life in the community)? Are are the activities of the tourist
detrimental to the values, environment and culture of the community in the long
run?source: http://www.ibike.org/encouragement/travel/tourism.htm
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